March 8, 2023 NHTSA CAMPAIGN NUMBER: 23V156000
Fire Truck Water Pump May Fail
A firetruck that is unable to pump water increases the risk of injury during a fire.
NHTSA Campaign Number: 23V156
Manufacturer Spartan Fire
, LLC
Components POWER TRAIN
Potential Number of Units Affected 166
Summary
Spartan Fire
LLC (Spartan Fire
) is recalling certain 2022-2024 Gladiator, Metro Star, FC-94 and KME Panther firetrucks. After the vehicle is reversed, the transmission control module (TCM) may fail to achieve the 4th gear lockup needed to initiate the water pump.
Remedy
Dealers will update the TCM software, free of charge. Owner notification letters were mailed April 27, 2023. Owners may contact Spartan Fire
customer service at 1-517-543-6400. Spartan Fire
’s number for this recall is 23007.
Notes
Owners may also contact the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration Vehicle Safety Hotline at 1-888-327-4236 (TTY 1-800-424-9153), or go to www.nhtsa.gov.
Recall Service Bulletin
RSB23-180-001
APPLIES TO:
This service bulletin applies to certain 2022 through 2024 model year, Gladiator, Metro Star, FC-94, and KME Panther model emergency response chassis cabs built between August 2022 and February 2023.
NHTSA/TC Id:
23V-156 / TC2023-126
CONDITION:
Certain Allison transmissions with split pto operation, C224 and earlier 6th generation controls software levels could fail to perform 4th gear transmission lockup in pump mode after exiting reverse gear.
CORRECTION:
Test 4th gear lock-up after coming out of reverse gear and going into pump mode. If transmission fails to shift to 4th gear lock up in pump mode, local Allison distributor will need to be contacted for software update.
GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS:
Thoroughly review entire service bulletin before starting work. If there are questions or concerns with steps defined in this service bulletin, contact Spartan Fire
, LLC. Customer & Product Support Group.
All applicable industry safety standards must be followed when performing work identified in this procedure.
Chronology :
In January 2023 – Spartan Fire
received notice from Final Stage Manufacturer of potential issue with 4th gear lock up. Spartan Engineering and customer service started an investigation.
February 2, 2023 – PSR team was created.
February 2 – 14, 2023 – Working with W.W. Williams on issue, potential cause, risk and remedy.
February 14 – 17, 2023 – A population was identified with W.W. Williams. Risk assessment completed internally. Stop ship issued within Spartan Fire
.
February 22, 2023 – Escalated the issue to REV Group Management.
March 3, 2023 – REV’s senior leadership approved a voluntary recall for this issue.
12 Affected Products
Vehicles
| MAKE | MODEL | YEAR |
| KME | PANTHER | 2022-2024 |
| SPARTAN FIRE | FC-94 | 2022-2024 |
| SPARTAN FIRE | GLADIATOR | 2022-2024 |
| SPARTAN FIRE | METROSTAR | 2022-2024 |
10 Associated Documents
Defect Notice 573 Report
RCLRPT-23V156-2539.PDF 214.048KB
Recall Acknowledgement
RCAK-23V156-1786.pdf 645.237KB
Recall 573 Report – March 23, 2023
RCLRPT-23V156-1443.PDF 214.057KB
Safety Bulletin
RCSB-23V156-5064.pdf 534.812KB
Final Stage Manufacturer Notification
RMISC-23V156-5024.pdf 602.833KB
ISSUED Owner Notification Letter(Part 577)
RCONL-23V156-4712.pdf 755.815KB
Manufacturer Notices(to Dealers,etc)
RCMN-23V156-5180.pdf 669.973KB
Recall Quarterly Report #1, 2023-2
RCLQRT-23V156-6697.PDF 211.128KB
Recall Quarterly Report #2, 2023-3
RCLQRT-23V156-0066.PDF 211.362KB
Recall Quarterly Report #3, 2023-4
RCLQRT-23V156-5586.PDF 211.453KB
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SEOCONTENT-START
Spartan Fire
, LLC
IMPORTANT: Safety Recall
SAFETY – RECALL – 23007 (23V-156)
Dear Final Stage Manufacturer,
This notice is sent to you in accordance with the National Traffic and Motor Vehicle Safety Act.
Spartan Fire
, LLC has decided that a defect which relates to motor vehicle safety exists in certain model
year 2022-2024, Gladiator, MetroStar, FC-94, and KME Panther model emergency response chassis cabs.
What is the defect?
A population of GEN 6 TCMs may fail to achieve 4th gear lock up when initiating the pump mode
sequence after reversing the vehicle.
This defect could result in failing to engage 4th gear lock up will prevent the vehicle from achieving the
full sequence needed to pump water. This increases the risk of personal injury and equipment damage.
The failure could occur without warning.
Corrective Action:
Contact your local Allison distributor for assistance with facilitating the repair and completing the reflash
of the TCM. There is no cost to the vehicle owner for the recall remedy.
The repair will take approximately 1 hour to complete.
What should the final stage manufacturer do?
On the attached document, you will find a list of chassis cabs Spartan has sold to you. If you agree the
identified chassis, contains a safety defect, you are reminded of your responsibility to notify the National
Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) in accordance with 49CFR573. It is a violation of federal
regulation to sell a vehicle subject to a safety recall without the recall first being remedied.
Please contact your local Allison distributor to have the remedy completed at no charge to you or our
mutual customer. Please submit any invoices with Allison.
If you have completed this remedy prior to receiving this letter, please notify and contact Spartan Central
Service at [email protected].
Spartan Fire
, LLC.
What will Spartan Fire
, LLC do?
Spartan Fire
, LLC will identify work with you and affected owners to identify a service center near you
and schedule the work to be completed.
For questions regarding warranty claims, please call 1-800-867-6478.
We regret any inconvenience this situation may cause. Spartan is committed to customer safety and
satisfaction.
Sincerely,
**************************************************************************************************************
Recall Service Bulletin
Recall Service Bulletin
RSB23-180-001
Page 1 of 7 QUA-FR-0290
Rev: 4.0
23007
Service Bulletins are intended for use by Professional Technicians only. They are written to guide Professional Technicians in performing service to
vehicles of specific nature in conjunction with industry standards. Professional Technicians should be appropriately trained on industry standards and
have the tools and equipment to perform procedures safely and properly.
DATE: 4/17/2023
APPLIES TO: This service bulletin applies to certain 2022 through 2024 model year,
Gladiator, Metro Star, FC-94, and KME Panther model emergency
response chassis cabs built between August 2022 and February 2023.
NHTSA/TC Id: 23V-156 / TC2023-126
CONDITION: Certain Allison transmissions with split pto operation, C224 and earlier
6th generation controls software levels could fail to perform 4th gear
transmission lockup in pump mode after exiting reverse gear.
CORRECTION: Test 4th gear lock-up after coming out of reverse gear and going into pump
mode. If transmission fails to shift to 4th gear lock up in pump mode, local
Allison distributor will need to be contacted for software update.
CLASSIFICATION: V3
GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS:
Thoroughly review entire service bulletin before starting work. If there are questions or
concerns with steps defined in this service bulletin, contact Spartan Fire
, LLC. Customer &
Product Support Group.
All applicable industry safety standards must be followed when performing work identified in
this procedure.
Recall Service Bulletin
Recall Service Bulletin
RSB23-180-001
Page 2 of 7 QUA-FR-0290
Rev: 4.0
23007
Service Bulletins are intended for use by Professional Technicians only. They are written to guide Professional Technicians in performing service to
vehicles of specific nature in conjunction with industry standards. Professional Technicians should be appropriately trained on industry standards and
have the tools and equipment to perform procedures safely and properly.
STEP BY STEP INSTRUCTIONS:
1) Perform test of pump shift sequence to determine if unit is affected.
1. With park brake off, put the transmission in reverse and back up several feet.
2. Shift transmission in neutral.
3. Set park brake.
4. Go through pump shift procedure.
a. Shift pump shifter from road to pump mode.
b. Look for Pump Engaged light.
c. Once pump engaged light comes on, shift transmission to drive (D).
At this point, the shifter should be displaying 4- 4, indicating 4th gear lock up is achieved.
2) If it operates as noted above, the truck is operating correctly and requires no further action.
Please contact Spartan Fire
LLC at 1-800-867-6478 to notify us that the truck is operating
correctly.
3) If it is displaying 5,1 or range inhibit on the dash, then 4th gear lock up was not achieved and the
Allison TCM will need to have the software updated by the local Allison distributor.
4) Use the webpage below to locate your local authorized Allison distributor to schedule
the software update. https://allisontransmission.com/sales-service-locator
Reference Allison Field Action Letter 2023FA02 on pages 3-7
Recall Service Bulletin
Recall Service Bulletin
RSB23-180-001
Page 3 of 7 QUA-FR-0290
Rev: 4.0
23007
Service Bulletins are intended for use by Professional Technicians only. They are written to guide Professional Technicians in performing service to
vehicles of specific nature in conjunction with industry standards. Professional Technicians should be appropriately trained on industry standards and
have the tools and equipment to perform procedures safely and properly.
Recall Service Bulletin
Recall Service Bulletin
RSB23-180-001
Page 4 of 7 QUA-FR-0290
Rev: 4.0
23007
Service Bulletins are intended for use by Professional Technicians only. They are written to guide Professional Technicians in performing service to
vehicles of specific nature in conjunction with industry standards. Professional Technicians should be appropriately trained on industry standards and
have the tools and equipment to perform procedures safely and properly.
Recall Service Bulletin
Recall Service Bulletin
RSB23-180-001
Page 5 of 7 QUA-FR-0290
Rev: 4.0
23007
Service Bulletins are intended for use by Professional Technicians only. They are written to guide Professional Technicians in performing service to
vehicles of specific nature in conjunction with industry standards. Professional Technicians should be appropriately trained on industry standards and
have the tools and equipment to perform procedures safely and properly.
Recall Service Bulletin
Recall Service Bulletin
RSB23-180-001
Page 6 of 7 QUA-FR-0290
Rev: 4.0
23007
Service Bulletins are intended for use by Professional Technicians only. They are written to guide Professional Technicians in performing service to
vehicles of specific nature in conjunction with industry standards. Professional Technicians should be appropriately trained on industry standards and
have the tools and equipment to perform procedures safely and properly.
Recall Service Bulletin
Recall Service Bulletin
RSB23-180-001
Page 7 of 7 QUA-FR-0290
Rev: 4.0
23007
Service Bulletins are intended for use by Professional Technicians only. They are written to guide Professional Technicians in performing service to
vehicles of specific nature in conjunction with industry standards. Professional Technicians should be appropriately trained on industry standards and
have the tools and equipment to perform procedures safely and properly.
**************************************************************************************************************
Spartan Fire
, LLC
April 27, 2023
IMPORTANT SAFETY RECALL – 23V-156
This notice applies to the vehicle identification number below.
4S9DU2D91PC560151
GREENWOOD EMERGENCY VEHICLES
530 JOHN DIETSCH BLVD
NORTH ATTLEBORO, MA 02763-1080
Dear Valued Customer,
This notice is sent to you in accordance with the National Traffic and Motor Vehicle Safety Act.
Spartan Fire
, LLC has decided that a defect which relates to motor vehicle safety exists in certain model
year 2022-2024, Gladiator, MetroStar, FC-94, and KME Panther model emergency response chassis
cabs.
Please note: The Vehicle Identification Number that may be affected by this recall is located at the
top of this letter.
What is the defect?
A population of GEN 6 TCMs may fail to achieve 4th gear lock up when initiating the pump mode
sequence after reversing the vehicle.
This defect could result in failing to engage 4th gear lock up will prevent the vehicle from achieving the
full sequence needed to pump water. This increases the risk of personal injury and equipment damage.
The failure could occur without warning.
Corrective Action:
Contact your local Allison distributor for assistance with facilitating the repair and completing the
reflash of the TCM. There is no cost to the vehicle owner for the recall remedy.
Labor Time:
The repair will take approximately 1 hour to complete.
Spartan Fire
, LLC
What You Should Do:
Owners should contact your local Allison distributor to open a case and complete the repair. If you
need further assistance with this notification and cannot locate a distributor, call Spartan at 1-800-
867-6478 to help direct you to your nearest dealer or service provider for repair.
If you have completed this remedy prior to receiving this letter, please notify and contact Spartan
Central Service at [email protected].
Leased Vehicles:
The lessor must notify the lessee by first class mail within ten (10) days from receipt of their owner
notification letter from the manufacturer; both for the initial notification and all subsequent
notifications.
Reimbursement:
If you had this repair performed before you received this letter, you may be eligible to receive
reimbursement for the cost of obtaining a pre-notification remedy of the problem associated with this
recall. For more information contact Spartan at 1-800-867-6478.
Information Change:
If you have changed your address, sold or traded your vehicle, please email us at
[email protected] to provide updated information.
If the authorized service center has failed or is unable to remedy the defect without charge and within
a reasonable time, contact Spartan at 1-800-867-6478. You may also submit a complaint to the
Administrator, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, 1200 New Jersey Avenue SE,
Washington, D.C. 20590 or call the Auto Safety Hotline at 1-888-327-4236 (TTY: 1-800-424-9153); or go
to http://www.safercar.gov if you feel the manufacturer has failed or is unable to remedy the defect
without charge.
We regret any inconvenience this service may cause you. Your safety and continued satisfaction with
the quality and performance of your chassis is of the utmost concern to us.
Sincerely,
Spartan Fire
, LLC
**************************************************************************************************************
Spartan Fire
, LLC
IMPORTANT SAFETY RECALL
NHTSA Recall – 23V-156
Spartan Internal Recall No. 23007
Dear Dealer or Service Manager:
This notice is sent to you in accordance with the National Traffic and Motor Vehicle Safety Act.
Spartan Fire
, LLC has decided that a defect which relates to motor vehicle safety exists in certain model
year 2022-2023, Gladiator, MetroStar, FC-94, and KME Panther model emergency response chassis cabs.
A population of GEN 6 TCMs may fail to achieve 4th gear lock up when initiating the pump mode
sequence after reversing the vehicle.
This defect could result in failing to engage 4th gear lock up will prevent the vehicle from achieving the
full sequence needed to pump water. This increases the risk of personal injury and equipment damage.
The failure could occur without warning.
Owners will be notified by mail about the recall and will be instructed to contact their appropriate local
Allison distributor for repair. Allison will work with affected vehicle manufacturers to complete the
reflash of the TCM. There is no cost to the vehicle owner for the recall remedy.
IMPORTANT: Some vehicles may still be in dealer inventory. Federal law requires you to complete the
recall remedy on such vehicles before delivery to the retail customer.
SCHEDULING THE WORK:
1. If the unit is still in the Dealers possession, please contact your local Allison distributor to schedule
the work at your mutual convenience.
2. If you receive an inquiry from the customer, please direct them to their local Allison distributor to
schedule the work at their mutual convenience.
Spartan Fire
, LLC
3. Please provide Spartan with the current owner name, address and phone number.
4. If you have previously performed the inspection or the repairs but have not yet submitted an
invoice for the work, we are requesting that you submit the invoice within 10 calendar days.
COMPLETING THE WORK:
Contact your local Allison distributor for assistance with facilitating the repair and completing the reflash
of the TCM. There is no cost to the vehicle owner for the recall remedy. The repair will take
approximately 1 hour to complete.
DOCUMENTING THE WORK:
Please contact your local Allison distributor to open a case and to submit invoices with Allison.
HANDLING AN OWNER WITH NO CONFIRMATION LETTER:
1. If you are contacted by the current owner who has not received a recall letter, you should verify that
they have an affected vehicle by calling Spartan Fire
at 800-867-6478 for verification.
2. If their vehicle is part of the population, please direct them to their local Allison distributor for
completion of the repair.
SPARTAN ASSISTANCE:
If you have technical questions or questions regarding warranty claims, please call 800-867-6478
Thank you for your continued support, and we appreciate your partnership.
Sincerely,
Spartan Fire
, LLC
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OMB Control No.: 2127-0004
Part 573 Safety Recall Report 23V-156
The information contained in this report was submitted pursuant to 49 CFR §573
Manufacturer Name : Submission Date :
Spartan Fire
, LLC MAR 08, 2023 NHTSA Recall No. : 23V-156 Manufacturer Recall No. : 23007 Manufacturer Information :
Manufacturer Name : Spartan Fire
, LLC Address : 1541 Reynolds Road
Charlotte MI 48813
Company phone : 517-588-4700
Population :
Number of potentially involved : 166 Estimated percentage with defect : 100 %
Vehicle Information :
Vehicle 1 : 2022-2024 Spartan Fire
Gladiator, Metro Star, FC-94, and KME Panther Vehicle Type : BUSES, MEDIUM & HEAVY VEHICLES Body Style : OTHER Power Train : DIESEL
Descriptive Information : The emergency response cab chassis affected by this recall are equipped with an Allison Transmission GEN 6 Transmission Control Module (TCM) with C224 software. Spartan Fire
Chassis pulled serial numbers for all the GEN 6 TCMs for the Pumper application and sent to W.W.Williams (authorized distributor for Allison that Spartan uses for purchase of Allison TCMs) to verify the software installed to determine the affected cab chassis. Quantity 21 – Gladiator 2022 trucks affected. Quantity 28 – MetroStar 2022 trucks affected. Quantity 13 – FC-94 2022 trucks affected.
Quantity 1 – KME Panther 2022 trucks affected. Quantity 14 – Gladiator 2023 trucks affected.
Quantity 45 – MetroStar 2023 trucks affected. Quantity 39 – FC-94 2023 trucks affected.
Quantity 4 – KME Panther 2023 trucks affected. Quantity 1 – MetroStar 2024 trucks affected.
Production Dates : AUG 30, 2022 – FEB 03, 2023
VIN Range 1 : Begin : NR End : NR Not sequential Description of Defect :
Description of the Defect : A population of GEN 6 TCMs may fail to achieve 4th gear lock up when initiating the pump mode sequence after reversing the vehicle.
FMVSS 1 : NR
FMVSS 2 : NR Part 573 Safety Recall Report 23V-156 Page 2 Description of the Safety Risk : Failing to engage 4th gear lock up will prevent the vehicle from achieving the full sequence needed to pump water. This increases the risk of personal injury and equipment damage.
Description of the Cause : There is an oversensitive refresh rate for the driveline sensor with TCM software level C224, which causes the failure to engage 4th gear lockup. Identification of Any Warning
that can Occur : The failure could occur without warning. Involved Components : Component Name 1 : Transmission Control Module (TCM) Component Description : GEN 6 TCM with C224 code Component Part Number : NR Supplier Identification : Component Manufacturer
Name : Allison Transmission Address : One Allison Way
Indianapolis Indiana 46222
Country : United States Chronology :
In January 2023 – Spartan Fire
received notice from Final Stage Manufacturer of potential issue with 4th gear lock up. Spartan Engineering and customer service started an investigation.
February 2, 2023 – PSR team was created.
February 2 – 14, 2023 – Working with W.W. Williams on issue, potential cause, risk and remedy. February 14 – 17, 2023 – A population was identified with W.W. Williams. Risk assessment completed internally. Stop ship issued within Spartan Fire
.
February 22, 2023 – Escalated the issue to REV Group Management.
March 3, 2023 – REV’s senior leadership approved a voluntary recall for this issue. The information contained in this report was submitted pursuant to 49 CFR §573 Part 573 Safety Recall Report 23V-156
Page 3
The information contained in this report was submitted pursuant to 49 CFR §573
Description of Remedy :
Description of Remedy Program : Spartan will work with the vehicle owners and Allison Transmission
service centers to help reflash the TCMs. The vehicles that have been remedied would have been covered through the normal warranty process. How Remedy Component Differs from Recalled Component :
Identify How/When Recall Condition was Corrected in Production : Same component but will be reflashed with the most modern software. W.W. Williams had Allison Transmission change over all of Spartan Fire
’s software levels to C232 on February 21, 2023. The remedy was applied in production at Spartan Chassis for affected inventory and vehicles on February 22, 2023. Recall Schedule :
Description of Recall Schedule : Spartan to begin Dealer and Final Stage Manufacturer notifications by
week of April 10, 2023 and owner notifications the week of April 17, 2023.
Planned Dealer Notification Date : APR 10, 2023 – APR 14, 2023
Planned Owner Notification Date : APR 17, 2023 – APR 21, 2023
* NR – Not Reported
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OMB Control No.: 2127-0004
Part 573 Safety Recall Report 23V-156
The information contained in this report was submitted pursuant to 49 CFR §573
Manufacturer Name : Submission Date :
Spartan Fire
, LLC MAR 23, 2023 NHTSA Recall No. : 23V-156 Manufacturer Recall No. : 23007 Manufacturer Information :
Manufacturer Name : Spartan Fire
, LLC Address : 1541 Reynolds Road
Charlotte MI 48813
Company phone : 517-588-4700
Population :
Number of potentially involved : 166 Estimated percentage with defect : 100 %
Vehicle Information :
Vehicle 1 : 2022-2024 Spartan Fire
Gladiator, Metro Star, FC-94, and KME Panther Vehicle Type : BUSES, MEDIUM & HEAVY VEHICLES Body Style : OTHER Power Train : DIESEL
Descriptive Information : The emergency response cab chassis affected by this recall are equipped with an Allison Transmission GEN 6 Transmission Control Module (TCM) with C224 software. Spartan Fire
Chassis pulled serial numbers for all the GEN 6 TCMs for the Pumper application and sent to W.W.Williams (authorized distributor for Allison that Spartan uses for purchase of Allison TCMs) to verify the software installed to determine the affected cab chassis. Quantity 21 – Gladiator 2022 model year trucks affected. Quantity 28 – MetroStar 2022 model year trucks affected. Quantity 13 – FC-94 2022 model year trucks affected.
Quantity 1 – KME Panther 2022 model year trucks affected. Quantity 14 – Gladiator 2023 model year trucks affected.
Quantity 45 – MetroStar 2023 model year trucks affected. Quantity 39 – FC-94 2023 model year trucks affected.
Quantity 4 – KME Panther 2023 model year trucks affected. Quantity 1 – MetroStar 2024 model year trucks affected.
Production Dates : AUG 30, 2022 – FEB 03, 2023
VIN Range 1 : Begin : NR End : NR Not sequential Description of Defect :
Description of the Defect : A population of GEN 6 TCMs may fail to achieve 4th gear lock up when initiating the pump mode sequence after reversing the vehicle.
FMVSS 1 : NR
FMVSS 2 : NR Part 573 Safety Recall Report 23V-156 Page 2 Description of the Safety Risk : Failing to engage 4th gear lock up will prevent the vehicle from achieving the full sequence needed to pump water. This increases the risk of personal injury and equipment damage.
Description of the Cause : There is an oversensitive refresh rate for the driveline sensor with TCM software level C224, which causes the failure to engage 4th gear lockup. Identification of Any Warning
that can Occur : The failure could occur without warning. Involved Components : Component Name 1 : Transmission Control Module (TCM) Component Description : GEN 6 TCM with C224 code Component Part Number : NR Supplier Identification : Component Manufacturer
Name : Allison Transmission Address : One Allison Way
Indianapolis Indiana 46222
Country : United States Chronology :
In January 2023 – Spartan Fire
received notice from Final Stage Manufacturer of potential issue with 4th gear lock up. Spartan Engineering and customer service started an investigation.
February 2, 2023 – PSR team was created.
February 2 – 14, 2023 – Working with W.W. Williams on issue, potential cause, risk and remedy. February 14 – 17, 2023 – A population was identified with W.W. Williams. Risk assessment completed internally. Stop ship issued within Spartan Fire
.
February 22, 2023 – Escalated the issue to REV Group Management.
March 3, 2023 – REV’s senior leadership approved a voluntary recall for this issue. The information contained in this report was submitted pursuant to 49 CFR §573 Part 573 Safety Recall Report 23V-156
Page 3
The information contained in this report was submitted pursuant to 49 CFR §573
Description of Remedy :
Description of Remedy Program : Spartan will work with the vehicle owners and Allison Transmission
service centers to help reflash the TCMs. The vehicles that have been remedied would have been covered through the normal warranty process. How Remedy Component Differs from Recalled Component :
Identify How/When Recall Condition was Corrected in Production : Same component but will be reflashed with the most modern software. W.W. Williams had Allison Transmission change over all of Spartan Fire
’s software levels to C232 on February 21, 2023. The remedy was applied in production at Spartan Chassis for affected inventory and vehicles on February 22, 2023. Recall Schedule :
Description of Recall Schedule : Spartan to begin Dealer and Final Stage Manufacturer notifications by
week of April 10, 2023 and owner notifications the week of April 17, 2023.
Planned Dealer Notification Date : APR 10, 2023 – APR 14, 2023
Planned Owner Notification Date : APR 17, 2023 – APR 21, 2023
* NR – Not Reported
SEOCONTENT-END
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